Energy Improvements to Buildings Report (Calculations)

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Energy Improvements to Buildings
You are provided with information of a building in the attachment. Present a report comprising the following:

  1. Introduction
  2.  Clalculations’

2.1. Volume of the building
2.2. Area of walls
2.3. Area of doors
2.4. Area of windows
2.5. Heat loss coefficient (HLC)
2.6. Heat loss parameter (HLP)
2.7. Steady-state heat loss rate (W)
2.8. Assumptions
3. Effective Energy Efficiency Measures
Compare two options (old and new boiler) including payback time for new boiler.
4. Improving thermal performance by insulation (select a material)
4.1. New Heat Loss Coefficient (HLC)
4.2. New Heat Loss Parameter (HLP)
4.3. New steady-state heat loss rate (W)
5.0. Renewable energy option (s) for the building

Describing about a piece of art (Art and Architecture)

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There are two purposes to this assignment. The first is to get you into the habit of looking at works of art and architecture and thinking about them materially, about the ways they are made.
The second purpose is to introduce you to writing scientifically about a work of art. While you are in university you will be required to write to particular formats in order to express your ideas and communicate them clearly.
INSTRUCTIONS
Choose a locally accessible object or building from the time periods covered in our class, from the collection of the National Museum or the AUB Archaeology Museum, for example.  Other possibilities are archaeological sites, the Musée de la Préhistoire Libanaise, the Sursock Museum or the Mouawad Collection.
Choose an object that interests you, that you like to look at, or that has appeal for you in some other way.
Spend some time with your object, looking at it and thinking about it.  Ask yourself some questions about it.  Then write a careful description of your object.  What materials is it made of?  How was it made?  How did it come to the place where it is now (ancient trade, modern trade)? If there is a descriptive text next to it by the museum staff, how did they come to that identification and date – can it actually be identified or dated? What material or technical characteristics are relevant for understanding its use or provenience? Et cetera….
The act of description should raise many unanswered questions, making it even more interesting in ways you don’t yet anticipate.
When you have described the object, put it into a cultural context.  Find out which culture made it, how was it used, and by whom?  What was its function?  What parallels can you find for its iconography or artistic style, is it usual or unusual for its time period? You might also consider the present-day context of your object if it is very different from the original one.
To successfully put the object into context, you will need to do some research.  I want you to use books and articles in the library to do this and not the internet.  Attached is a preliminary bibliography, to help you get started.  The internet will not be very useful to you for this assignment, as you cannot cite it as a scientific resource.  We will talk in class about the limits of using the internet.  However, you may want to refer to this very useful web site for writing about art:      http://www.writingaboutart.org/index.html
You will probably find some controversies between your description and your research.  If so, make sure you incorporate these into your paper. Your essay will not be graded necessarily according to simply quoting “scientific truth” from publications about your object, but good questions asked and the right subjects explored to reach a good identification and interpretation. Sometimes objects not easily identifiable are therefore better for this exercise than well-known objects with a lot of mythological references.
Your finished paper should be about 5 double-spaced pages or 1,500 words.  In addition, include illustrations if you think they will be useful.

Process Improvement Techniques

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Using the information provided, perform the following calculations:

  1. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) takes into account three measurements:  availability, quality factor and performance
  2. Planned run time
  3. Downtime
  4.  Availability of the machine from Monday to Friday
  5.  Performance
  6. Quality rate
  7. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
  8. Quality factor
  9. Pareto analysis

Durability of Concrete Report

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Instructions
Pick a concrete structure to analyze
(1) define the environmental loads on each structural members,
(2) determine the most relevant deterioration mechanism and design your concrete/cover for each member taking into account the reality of construction,
(3) if concrete/cover have already been chosen in the drawings then justify their likely performance, and
(4) impose QC and maintenance measures necessary to deliver the required design life.
The report should in-detail the following:
1) Cover thickness
2) Concrete strength required
3) Mix design aspect to achieve the concrete needed
This should be done for Piles, abutments, and beams all with respect to the standards As5100 and As3600. The report should include diagrams and of the all aspects of the bridge.

Reflection Engineering Problem Solving and Analysis

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Part 1
Read and reflect on the article (750 words):
Read attached article
This article is relevant to both external AND on-campus students.
Use the following elements to aid your reflection (Brodie 2010):
 Retell – state the basic facts of the article, but also examine how you feel about it;
 Relate – relate the article to other examples or behaviour that you have experienced;
 Reflect – how will the knowledge gained from the article be used either in your professional or personal life, give examples. Also think about possible alternatives, other perspectives or meanings.
Part 2
Reflect on the Course and your Learning Experiences (1,500 words):
Use your reflection on the article from task 1 to reflect on the course  and your learning experiences from the course over the Semester. In particular, compare your teamwork experiences between this Semester to Introduction to Engineering Problem Solving . Use the below listed communication, teamwork and professional development competencies from professional bodies to help your reflection. Ensure that you use reference to other relevant literature and team discussions to support your reflections.

Sustainability considerations in building repairs

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Scenario
You work for a medium size building company, which you have just joined. Your company has several repair and maintenance contracts with housing associations one of which is based in San Joaquin, California.
Your client a local housing association has received a survey report highlighting the poor condition of the windows. See appendix 1 for typical damage.
They have decided to renew or repair  the windows taking into account sustainability and cost.
Your first job is to prepare a response to an invitation to renew the windows for approximately 50 properties. The domestic dwellings comprise; terrace, end of terrace, detached, semi detached and maisonettes. No dwelling is more than two stories high.
The contract covers both the renewal as well as the maintenance of the windows.
You should clearly relate the use of the material to its properties.
This assignment must be presented as a report.
This assignment is in two parts
Part 1
Appendix 1 contains an extract from a survey carried out on the properties owned by the housing association. The original purpose of the survey was to establish the condition of the dwellings.
Following the survey it was realised that this would affect the future financial obligations of the association.
To that end specialist contractors were invited to tender for the replacement or repair of the windows.

  • Describe the likely cause of the damage to the windows
  • Analyse remedial remedies i.e. repair
  • Evaluate total renewal in terms of, uPVC or timber double glazed units. 100 Marks

Part 2
There is growing concerns about global warming, using your own research, evaluate the following for both wooden and uPVC frames;

  • Describe and evaluate the maintenance procedures necessary to maintain durability paying particular regard to Volatile Organic Compounds
  • Environmental considerations in terms of re-cycling, sustainability and renewal
  • Energy considerations including embedded energy within the product
  • On the basis of the above choose which type of windows frames you are going to recommend and why?
  • 100 Marks

Contract Law Popular Questions

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  1. Define the law of contract
  2. You are provided with a case study in contract law about Jim and Laura. In six pages, answer this question, “Did Jim and Laura buy a car?”
  3. Use APA style format, and use at least six sources.

Reflection Assignment

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Given research over the last several decades, one thing that is clear about learning is that people, including students, of course, who think they can improve their ability to learn achieve better grades and success in other areas of their lives. On the other hand, people who think their ability to learn is just something they are born with, that they can’t help, do less well.
Thinking — really believing — that you can improve your ability to learn has come to be known as a Growth Mindset, while thinking you are simply stuck with what you were born with is called a Fixed Mindset.
So, for this assignment, I would like for you to read through the attached brief slideshow, take the little quiz that’s in there, and write a brief reflection on what you read and did. You will not be graded on the quiz. It’s just a way for you to find out for yourself if you have more of a Growth or Fixed Mindset currently. Over the semester, as I said, we’ll do just a couple of things that may help build that Growth Mindset.
Your Reflection should be written, as with everything in this class, in MLA format, with Times New Roman font, 12 point, double-spaced, and an appropriate MLA heading. For this assignment there really won’t be a “Works Cited” page, so that won’t be a worry.
It should be a minimum of 250 words (that’s tiny!), and should be turned in by no later than 11:59 p.m. on the date shown in the course schedule.
Attached (up near the top) is a link to the slideshow you will base this on.
Hope you have fun with this!

Compare And Contrast Organizational Changes

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Sample Answer 

Executive Summary

Warren Buffett once said that “you never know who’s swimming naked until the tide goes out.”  Swimming in the tide of company culture and organizational changes is a never ending endeavor.  It is imperative that the tide of adapting corporate culture and organization to societal changes, customer demands, and employee satisfaction be vigilant.  Whether the business is small or large, the understanding of the problems, the dynamics of the change, and its effect and ultimate acceptance within the organization are critical in order to maintain a place in your strategic position without the tide exposing your shortcomings and drowning you in a sea of organizational chaos.   This is exemplified in the examination of two different companies of diverse size and purpose, but facing the same fundamental challenges.

            The first business is a national company, Senior Lifestyle Company that owns senior assisted care and independent living units across the United States.  Their mission statement is drawn from the acronym “CHART” which stands for caring, honesty, appreciation, respect and teamwork.  It is within this framework that the company seeks to succeed in customer satisfaction and employee retention and advancement.  This company is large and experiences constant corporate change.  Particularly daunting is adapting to the extended active lifestyle of residents and the demands of processing residents through the maze of bureaucratic paperwork necessary to afford care.  The biggest challenge is the coordination of changes through a corporation that operates approximately ten-thousand units nationwide.  The time necessary to deal with the individual needs of the residents coupled with the standardization of employee responses to these demands.  The corporate objective is to handle each of a myriad of issues within the ideals set forth in the “CHART” acronym.  Implementations of the values of “CHART” begin with management and must be exhibited in the handling of each employee.  It is through this example that the employees become aware and learn to exhibit those same core values in dealing directly with residents.

            Similarly, in small business the challenges are the same.  Larry Lott Interiors is a small boutique interior design store.  They employ only three designers, a bookkeeper, and part-time delivery men.  However, the corporate challenges are strikingly the same.  In dealing with a rather high end market where is the constant pressure to create an environment that satisfies the customer and simultaneously satisfies the artistic desires of the designer.  This must be accomplished in a manner that does not alienate either participant.  Of particular importance are the timely ordering, tracking and delivery of particular items for customers.  Indeed, this is the most significant challenge with the corporate setting facing the employees.  There is a segregation of these duties, i.e. sales and ordering.  Crystal clear communication becomes imperative.  This necessity is enhanced when customers are expecting delivery of certain pieces with a certain timeframe and deadline.  Therefore the challenge of communication set the corporate culture between the employees and is the impetus to the transparency and communication with the customer.

            Both of these companies’ challenges, in corporate culture, fall from the same tree, the ability to constructively communicate needs.  The “CHART” values are necessary in both businesses.  Therefore, whether, small or large, business adaptation to cultural change begins with respectful, transparent, and empathetic communication.  It is incumbent that each voice be heard, their positions heard with respect and that each person have a role on the team.

In order to draw a comparison/contrast on how the two firms execute organizational changes, a manager from firms was interviewed on various aspects.

Contrast/Comparison between Senior Lifestyle Corporation and Larry Lott Interiors

The mission statements of both firms are almost similar since both carry the message of provision of the best services that fulfill the needs of the homeowners. Larry Lott Interiors is a small outfit employing very few people while Senior Lifestyle Corporation is a huge firm with a thousands of branches spread out in many states in the country. While both firms have an almost similar corporate culture, Garden Estates corporate culture is highly developed and rooted in what they refer to as “CHART” for caring, honesty, appreciation, respect and teamwork. Garden Estates corporate culture is uniformly executed in all its branches, a sign that the management attaches a great importance to it. The corporate culture of Larry Lott Interiors is not clearly spelt out and does not seem to be a routine management concern. This difference in how corporate culture is executed might be attributed to the size, level of competition, length of service and the level of professionalism of the employees. Larry Lott Interiors have few employees and it may be easier and faster to share ideas unlike in Senior Lifestyle Corporation where the number of employees is not only high but also diverse.

            Organizational change is a practice done in every firm that is interested in shaping itself as a way of responding to the dynamics in the market such as competition, introduction of new products, changing customer tastes, human resource concerns, government regulations, shareholder interests, resource scarcity, and environmental concerns among others. Larry Lott Interiors and garden Estates also appreciate the importance of organizational changes. However, the degree of execution of the changes is different. In Larry Lott Interiors, every employee is a manager of its own an execution of any change is the work of each manager although their current issue is to align the skills, experience and knowledge of the employees with the jobs they are doing.  Senior Lifestyle Corporation’s organizational changes cut across many areas from aligning the strengths of each worker to jobs, hiring new people, introduction in a variety of products and services. For example,             the idea to introduce more continuum care retirement communities that provide independent, assisted, memory care, skilled nursing and physical therapy service all on one campus and also the decision to offer affordable, high quality apartment homes with specially-designed amenities to meet the needs of older adults. If the current changes are anything to go by, then an organizational change is highly regarded practice in Senior Lifestyle Corporation.  There are also current changes involving improvement of restaurant dining style services, provision of transport services, introduction of community exciting activities and their resolution to offer incentives. Although certain changes have been implemented without little effort, this has not been the case in some changes. The implementation of ‘CHART’ in Senior Lifestyle Corporation is one such example where there was difficulty given the geographical distribution of the branches and the enormous number of employees. Nevertheless, Senior Lifestyle Corporation is currently embarking on ambitious organizational changes such as development of new marketing strategies, documentation, incorporating core values of ‘CHART’ and change in style of reporting to their shareholders.

            Every change in an organization is never welcome news to all the workers. While some workers appreciate, others may be hesitant to accept the changes. As such, it is the responsibility of those who propose changes to also think about how resistance to changes will be handled in the event there will be some form of resistance. In both firms, communication of the changes to the employees is one of the strategies employed which may include meetings with line and senior staff, encouragement of open communication, use of relevant materials such as books, team building exercises and verbal communication with rewards. One way of inspiring employees which has been employed by Senior Lifestyle Corporation is through mentoring and coaching while maintaining positive relationship with employees so that they can feel part of the family. On the other hand, Larry Lott Interiors approach is reward based. For example, apart from listening to the concerns of the employees, they are also rewarded when they achieve sales targets. The fact that there exists resistance organizational changes imply there should be well-thought mechanisms to remove the barriers. When it comes to removing of barriers to changes, both firms agree that communication and empathy towards employees is the best option. Understanding, teamwork, education and coaching are some of the additional approaches used by Senior Lifestyle Corporation. While Larry Lott Interiors’ design is more horizontal, Senior Lifestyle Corporation design is top down.

            Leading and managing successful organizational change is one of the central issues in management. As such, it has attracted a lot of interests among various researchers and authors. There are also a number of lessons that can be learned from available literature although they may not be directly associated with strategies applied in successful organizational changes. When it comes to the best article or book rich in ideas for successful organizational changes, the two representatives from both firms differ in tastes.  According to manager of Larry Lott Interiors, the bible is the best book to use. However, Senior Lifestyle Corporation manager was inconclusive on the best article or book since he has read many books on leadership strategies and tactics over the years. In addition, he mentioned of putting into practice whatever he had learned in the past in order to know what works and what does not work. This may imply that certain theories in books may work while others work depending on the prevailing circumstances. He also mentioned that management at Senior Lifestyle Corporation is currently studying the books Tuesday Morning Coaching and From Values to Action: The Four Principles of Value-Based Leadership. This suggests management at Senior Corporate Lifestyle share similar values in management based on the resources they share.

            Larry Lott Interiors and Senior Lifestyle Corporation have many things in common despite their differences. They both value organizational changes aimed at adding value to the firm. They also believe in employee engagement and approaches towards removal of barriers. The approaches employed by the two firms is in line with Burke’s view in Burke (2002, p.1) that for long term survival, organizations must change and adapt to their respective environments by instituting changes such as fine-tuning which involves installing a new system for sales management, initiating programs to improve quality of products and services or changing the structure to improve decision-making without first changing organizational strategy. Larry Lott Interiors is a small firm which also happens to be young. As it grows, there is a need to borrow some ideas from Senior Lifestyle Corporation.

Reference

Burke, W., (2002). Organization Change: Theory and Practice. London: Sage Publications

Stryker Corporation Case Study

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Sample Answer

Case Study

Name of the Student

Student’s Number

Name of the College

 

Stryker Corporation Capital Expenditure Requests

According to financial performance, it is very evident that Stryker’s Corporation is successful in its business operations: growth in share price, market capitalization, stock price, sales, and profitability.  Financial statements are the best means by which a business financial performance is gauged since it is in financial statements where information about profitability, financial health, ability to pay obligation, and earnings to shareholders can be found (Brian, 2007). Part of what propelled the corporation into this status is in the way it manages its finances. For example, in Capital Expenditure Requests (CERs), the corporation has made great strides. Capital Expenditure Requests (CERs) as used in Stryker’s Corporation were forms that had to be filled out before authority to spend could be obtained; a key requirement of capital allocation process. Generally CERs in Stryker Corporation is a two-part document with one section being more to do with business proposition while the other section being a summary of pertinent financial analyses.

Stryker’s CERs have been furnished over time with the aims narrowed down to areas where impacts are very meaningful. The corporation’s performance history had been impressive and the great challenge was how to maintain the good performance. As a result, the corporation made continuous investment in new and existing products, technologies as well as markets. Studies have shown that the ability to grow in sales volumes at the expense of competitors is dependent also on the ability of a firm to strategically handle market constraints (Alvarez and Fridson, 2002) while mergers and acquisitions have been found to be the most versatile and powerful growth tools employed by both small and big companies. For example a good timing on merger and acquisition can bring huge immediate financial benefits to the company as well as long-term outlook (Sherman & Hart, 2006).  It was along this idea that Stryker’s Corporation found it necessary to make mergers, acquisitions and expansion of facilities. Research and development as well as engineering expenses, which had been growing at an average compounded rate of 21% over some years, also formed part of the corporation’s great expenses; indicating that capital expenditure was justified in these key areas such as engineering activities which accounted for 75-80% of RD& E expenses. This appears to have been influenced by corporation’s historical background that believed in innovation and invention. It was the original owner, Dr. Homer Stryker, whose main job was to invent and sell new devices and develop new ones who seemed to have influenced the culture of Stryker Corporation. This idea has been embedded in the company’s operation and way of conducting successful business in a competitive industry. Other missions of CERs in Stryker were targeted at organic growth and acquisitions. Acquisitions were used to reach new markets, extend its core business and reach new customers. For example, between 1979 and 2006, some of the companies the corporation had acquired include Osteonics Corporation, SynOptics, Dimso SA, Osteo AG, Howmedica, Surgical Dynamics, SpineCore, and Sightline.

As the President of Global Instruments Curt Hartman commented on the association between operating budget and capital budget, CERs was structured in a way to positively influence revenues, operating profit, and cash flow with R&D affecting the operating profits while capital spending hitting free cash flow. However, although everyone at divisional level had a long wish list of what and how much should be spent, it was the aim of management to spend only what is just enough to bring profits and not too much expenditure as to result in negative performance. CERs was a mirror of options between new businesses and new initiatives as seen in the splitting within Global Instruments with allocation of smaller budget to existing businesses while the bulk of the budget is taken up by new initiatives. From the way the budget proposals were originating, it is clear what the mission of the Stryker’s CERs were aimed at. Sales and marketing executives appears to have made sure there is both strides in selling more and watching the behavior of competitors while engineers on the other hand focused on improving the current products to come up with the best in the market. Quality is a factor most desired by customers and for high-technology companies; they favor a product development based on performance or state-of-the-art features that are often far from the customer’s needs (Viardot, 2004). CERs touch on allocation to two main areas: Operational and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) with operational category involved with such investments in buildings, IT systems and equipment while M & A dealing with not only M & A but also licensing and distribution agreements, equity investments, joint ventures, and development agreements.

A detailed analysis of the mission of Stryker Corporation shows that it was aimed at various issues affecting the overall performance of the corporation such as demanding the CERs highlights the background, key facts and descriptions as well as strategic rationale of project. This was in addition to focus on beating competition from other industry players by gathering relevant market information. The corporation had also set aside the hurdle rate in which project acceptance was based at. As such, CERs for any project had to meet not only be economically justifiable but also had to be in such a way as to be devoid of any key risk factors that may jeopardize sustainable economic growth. CERs also had to look into issues affecting human resources such as team identification and timelines of implementing various project tasks while keeping in check milestones regarding operating profits, revenue, targets of cost savings, capacity utilization, together with deadlines by which milestones would be attained. Sensitivity analysis and key risk factors formed part and parcel of financial reporting.  A review of contextual scenario of macroeconomics, situation of the market and the full background information was required. It was a requirement that any proposal had a strategic rationale linking specific Stryker goals and corporate strategic plan with the proposal including parties to the deal, legal form of the deal, ownership interests, the types and value of consideration payable or receivable by parties, fees and expenses, and representations and warranties among others. The operating plan of the CERs also captured the duration with key assumptions and market operating conditions including financial performance measures such as NPV, IRR and payback period (Parrino and Kidwell, 2009). According to Morden (2007), strategic management of time, knowledge, innovation and technology is a key to any company’s success in a competitive environment.  Base case plan for each CER at Stryker Corporation also has management plan incorporating key people and their qualifications, key management structures and their timelines.

CERs were not complete without a summary and description of risk factors which were observed to negatively affect the performance of the corporation. The purpose of the CERs were therefore to highlight risks such as competitive reactions, pricing risk, regulatory approvals, overruns, technological obsolescence, currency and exchange risks. In an attempt to make sure that projects are completed within set time, CERs were supposed to indicate project timelines and milestones. In summary, the CERs served to avoid worst case scenario while aiming for the best case scenario.

Stryker Corporation’s CERs had key attributes reflected in the overall performance. One of the strengths of CERs was in the way they were prepared and reflected a deep strategic awareness among the various units. Stringent standards had to be met and that it comprehensively looked deeply into all issues likely to affect the firm. For example, preparation of CERs was formal, had to follow standardized procedures, require more rigorous analysis and proper documentation. This is obvious from the extensive background and supporting documentation that was required. CERs were also formally structured and avoided any ad hoc expenditure. The system used in coming up with CERs and approval were stages that were independent meaning there were no bias towards particular projects. Since the corporation had multiple departments, there were guidelines specific to each category implying that each segment was given the attention it deserves. The modification of procedures to allow for better devolution of approval powers implies there is greater efficiency and increased speed in decision-making. By creating a link in form of a sponsor between capital expenditure committee ensured that standards for quality and completeness were met and there were going to be no ambiguity or lack of clarity at the approval stage.

However, the CRs were sometimes voluminous meaning its contents may not be easily verified by the approval team. And if they were to be verified, it would take longer time. That the CERs preparation was complex means a lot of time was spend by the team in understanding them. This was evident on the complaints made, for example time for completion and submission on time. The system imposes stringent standards and documentation beyond the capacity of the current staff who later complained of the excess bureaucracy.  The heavy involvement of the corporate implies that devolution of decision-making and the business culture was not being implemented as expected. There should be great empowerment of strategic business units heads as part of minimizing top management involvement in certain affairs that can be delegated and allow for proper strategic management of corporation’s affairs (Sekhar, 2010).  In order to evaluate the system, there is a need to conduct as survey of the whole organization especially those tasked with preparations of CERs. Each one is given a chance to show what works and what does not work and how systems should be improved to make operations more efficient. Finally, all the CERs should be analyzed based on the content of the documents versus the performance of the business upon implementation of that CER so that a link can be established.

When Stryker’s long-run goals are considered, there is a need to modify procedural approach to its current CER system. Pertinent questions to be asked are for example, “Is there another way to streamline the procedures to improve on efficiency?” How can the preparations of CERs be simplified to afford the understanding of all parties? Findings on how to make the procedure of preparing CERs less bureaucratic implies there will be increase in efficiency in handling of CERs. Certain corporate expenditures need to be done swiftly and bureaucracy may act as a bottle neck. Decisions will be made faster and not only time will be saved but also money while ensuring opportunities are not lost. Given that not everyone is comfortable with the new system, change management should be accomplished in such a way that there is a smooth transition from the old to the new system. This will ensure changes are positively accepted and practiced by all the stakeholders.

References

Alvarez,F and Fridson,M., 2002. Finacial Statement and Analysis: A practitioner’s guide. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Brian, K.,2007. How To Read And Understand Financial Statements When You Don’t Know What You Are Looking At. Ocala: Atlas Publishing Group.

Morden, T., 2007. Principles of Strategic Management. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing.

Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D., Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. Hoboken: John Wiley &Sons.

Thompson, J.L., 1993. Strategic management: awareness and change. Oxford: Chapman & Hall

Sekhar, G.V.S., 2010. Business Policy and Strategic Management. New Delhi: International Publishing House

Sherman, A.J and Hart, M.E., 2006. Mergers and Acquisitions from A to Z. New York: AMACOM

Viardot, E., 2004. Successful Marketing Strategy for High-Tech Firms. Norwood: Artech House