Robert Putnam’s research has stimulated interest

Robert Putnam’s research has stimulated interest in the role played by voluntary associations in American democracy. Putnam’s work seems to suggest that, when people get involved in groups and help make collective decisions for the group, they develop participatory skills. These participatory skills, in turn, cause people to participate more in politics – voting at higher rates than people who are not involved in any groups.
A. This explanation says that the causal relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is mediated by an intervening variable.
The independent variable is?
The dependent variable is?
The intervening variable is?
B. Based on the explanation, write a hypothesis in which the intervening variable is the dependent variable.
C. Based on the explanation, write a hypothesis in which the intervening variable is the independent variable.