Instructions
The United States spends more on healthcare as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) than any other country in the world, yet, the country ranks nearly last in nearly all quality and outcome measures when compared to other high-income countries. For this week’s assignment:

Examine the current state of quality and safety in the United States healthcare system by reading through this week’s required reading resources and other outside sources as necessary and,

1) Provide a critique of the state of healthcare quality and safety in the United States,

2) Select two (2) elements of healthcare that need improvement and explain why healthcare leaders, managers, and policymakers should focus on improving those two elements; and,

3) Develop benchmarks (at least one per element) that you would use/recommend to stakeholders, that would help determine the success of quality improvement efforts

Your paper MUST follow APA 7th edition guidelines and incorporate a minimum of three (3) scholarly/peer-reviewed references.

Your paper SHOULD be between 3-4 pages in length, excluding your cover and reference pages.

Domains and Associated Competencies:

Healthcare and Healthcare Environment
Healthcare Systems and Organizations
Business
General Management
Quality Improvement

Occupational Health and Safety

An initial title
It’s a good idea to provide a proposed title for your research project, as this provides a very short summation of your intended research. This first title is not set in stone; the focus of your project may shift as your research progresses and it may be necessary to amend your title accordingly.
A general overview of your area of study
You should begin your proposal by briefly identifying and summarising the subject you intend to research. It may be useful to refer briefly to the ways in which your academic background will enhance your ability to undertake a project in this area.
Put it into context
Put your research into context- how does it fit into existing theories and what literature currently exists around your subject area? Demonstrate an understanding of:
The major arguments that have been developed in your area
The key findings of researchers working on your topic
This will demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of your intended research topic.
An introduction of your key research questions
Specify what your proposal will address in particular and what your aims and objectives are. It may be useful to outline one or two core questions that you intend to answer.
Your intended research methods
You should outline the methodology you intend to use. For example, are you going to consult a particular collection in the archives, or will you be conducting group interviews? If you plan to collect data, what method will you use to obtain it?
In this section, it may be useful for the:
Briefly highlight existing facilities available to you at the University and how you intend to use them
Outline potential problems and how you might overcome them
A prediction of the expected outcomes of your research
You should conclude your proposal by addressing your predicted outcomes. What are you hoping to prove/disprove? Indicate how you envisage your research will contribute to debates and discussions in your particular subject area:
How will your research make an original contribution to knowledge?
How might it fill gaps in existing work?
How might it extend understanding of particular topics?
It’s important to remember that your MS. proposal is not the finished article and you are not bound to your initial research idea. As your MS progresses, you may find that the focus of your research shifts, in part or entirely.
Bibliography
We’d recommend including a bibliography listing the books, articles, and web pages you consulted to write your proposal. Make sure this is presented in a standard and consistent format, such as Harvard.
How long should my research proposal be?
For your formal application to the University, your research proposal should be 1-2 pages long. Proposals for funding applications will probably have strict requirements.

How to reduce obesity in the US

1. Select FREE website tool (wix, wordpress, google, etc.)
2. Design Launch Page with graphics and messaging
3. Create tool bar with links to:
a. Issue
b. Research
c. Policy Champions
d. Stakeholders
e. Advocacy Tools
i. Fact Sheet
ii. Bus Stop Speech (recorded)
iii. Media Release iv. PowerPoint (recorded) v. Testimony
vi. Other
4. References

Social Determinants of Health or other topics

This assignment asks that you research disparities and/or disproportionalities, selecting one of the issues listed under Unit III of the syllabus macro issues impact individual development. At the root of many disparities, systemic racism and structural oppression inform the
experiences of people who have been marginalized.
Answer the following questions separately in a 3-page paper plus cover and reference pages. Include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. Your answers to the questions should be supported by reference to 2 sources: the Marsiglia, Kulis, and Lechuga-Peña and scholarly journal articles or NYC/national government websites.
1. Define the issue and provide information on the prevalence of it on a local(NYC) and national level. Use statistical and other data to support your
statements.
2. Discuss who is affected and explain how they are affected.
3. Identify and discuss the efforts made to address these disparities/disproportionalities and the unintended results when they are not addressed.

Ethnicity Race and Government and Health

By the end of this week, you should be able to identify the key events where the government let down its responsibility to protect people when testing for healthcare concerns. Explain how racism has played a role in healthcare for minorities. This will meet course objective #2 and HESC program outcome #5.

Here is a link to an exhibit by the US National Library of Medicine on the Government’s role in Healthcare to Native Americans (Links to an external site.). This is an excellent exhibit.

Please watch the film Ama (Links to an external site.) about the treatment of Native American women by the US Government during the 1960s and 70s.

Please read the following articles:

African American Southerners and White Physicians: Medical Care at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (Links to an external site.) from the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 86, issue 2, (September 2012), pp. 178-205

The Red Man and the White Plague”: Rethinking Race, Tuberculosis, and American Indians, ca 1890-1950 (Links to an external site.) from the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 82, issue 3, (September 2008), pp. 608-645

Public Health and World War II Assembly Centers for Japanese Americans (Links to an external site.) from the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 73 issue 4, (Winter 1999), pp. 565-584

Racism & Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study from The Hastings Center Report, vol 8, issue 6, (December 1978), pp. 21-29

From Exclusion to Expulsion: Mexicans and Tuberculosis in Los Angeles, 1914-1940 (Links to an external site.) from Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 77, Issue 4 (December 4, 2003), pp. 823-849

Once you have clicked on the link for the article, you will need to click on the pdf icon to bring up the article. This will be off to your left.

When you have finished this unit, you will be able to discuss the role government and research have played in creating our healthy society and some of the pitfalls of such an arrangement.

This week’s readings and questions meet HESC program outcome #5.
What lessons did you learn from the readings? What surprised you? What if anything did not? As always, please support your answers with examples from your tasks.

You will need to support your answers with examples from the readings. Please use APA when citing your sources in your response.

Please review the Reflection Paper Rubric Download Reflection Paper Rubricto see how you will be graded.