Enterprise Risk Management And Global Economy

Enterprise Risk Management 
After reading Chapter 34: Turning Crisis into Opportunity, answer the question below. Make sure you write a detailed explanation and include an example. Proper references for any outside sources.
Question: Do you think that companies need to experience a crisis to take risk seriously?
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Global Economy 
Chapter 17 – According to Trutnev, Vidyasova, and Chugunov (2015), informational and analytical activities and forecasting for the process of socio-economic development should be an important element of all levels of governmental administration.  The development of methods and tools to support government decision-making on the basis of the analysis of information has a long history and their use has traditionally been included as a component of national development programs to include the development of the information society in Russia, and its regions, particularly – Saint Petersburg.
There were five sections identified in the chapter case study and they walked us through each one explaining what happened in each.  Identify and name them, and provide a brief statement about each section.
Q1 – What were these five sections? 
a. identify and name those five sections, and
b. provide a brief narrative for each sector
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Chapter 18 – According to literature review and the EU Energy Security and ICT Policy, the authors indicated that, the points of departure of the EU’s (European Commission 2007) energy policy was threefold: combating climate change, limiting the EU’s external vulnerability to imported hydrocarbons, and promoting growth and jobs, thereby providing secure and affordable energy for consumers. The main focus of the EU’s policy ideally was to move towards a single global regime and the mainstreaming of climate into other policies; and hence receiving a 20% portion out of the entire 2014–2020 EU budget.  The focus at the urban level was to produce the greatest results in an energy-efficient effort that will integrate three sectors.
Q1 – What are these three sectors? 
a. identify and name those three sectors, and
b. provide a brief narrative for each sector
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Chapter 18: When looking further into the EU’s Energy Security and ICT sustainable urban development, and government policy efforts:
Q2 – What are the five ICT enablers of energy efficiency identified by European strategic research Road map to ICT enabled Energy-Efficiency in Buildings and constructions, (REEB, 2010)? 
a. identify and name those five ICT enablers,  
b. provide a brief narrative for each enabler
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Chapter 19 – The digital divide remains formidable in scaling information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled opportunities for effective leadership and development in countries lagging behind, (Ahmed, 2015).  Based on the case study, the authors reminded us that, the practice of e-Participation provides an avenue for adaptation, application, and utilization of ICT as a subset of e-Commerce, in the realm of e-Democracy and, it is a concept needed to bridge the existing digital gap within and across countries in a global context.
From the chapter, we learned that as the world moves at a faster and voluminous pace, there is a need to acquire technology and the skill to use it, as is increasing at the rate beyond those societies that are unable to remedy their inadequacies.  However, the challenges to meet this pressure could be enormous, but not insurmountable, and the means to address such challenges are abundantly available in ICT-supported processes like e-Participation.
Q1 – From this context, what is the functional role of the ICT?
a. identify and name the functional role of the ICT, and
b. provide a short narrative to support your response
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Chapter 19 – Buente, and Robbin (2008), and Hilbert (2011) outlined different angles in conceptualizing digital divide. They included subjects, characteristics, means, intensity, and purpose of connectivity corresponding to inquiries of ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’. On the other hand, Huang and Chen (2010) added the dynamics of evolution to address the questions of whether and when.
Q2 – What were the approaches and inquiries for the discourse framework on eParticipation and simulation exercise as conceptualized by the authors? 
a. identify and name the six approaches and inquiries,  
b. provide a brief narrative for each