Renewable Energy Technologies 

Renewable Energy Technologies

Solar Energy Wind Energy Hydropower Gas Energy Oil Energy Coal Energy Geothermal Energy Wave Energy Biodiesel Energy

Solar Energy. Wind Energy. Hydropower. Gas Energy. Oil Energy. Coal Energy. Geothermal Energy. Wave Energy. Biodiesel Energy. Hydrogen Energy. Flywheel Energy.  
Instructions. 
Select one energy technology and complete the following.
Part 1: Explain the technology: how does it work, what does it do?
Part 2: What is the problem that the technology addresses?
Part 3. What is the current stated of business and/or consumer adoption of the technology?
Part 4. What are some of the challenges and barriers to adoption of the technology, and how might those challenge be addressed?
Part 5. What are the social benefit and risks associated with the technology?

Next Generation Solar Power Devices (Exploratory Paper)

Required
Write a 600-word paper about next generation solar power devices.

Green Chemistry: Nitration of Phenol

Required 
Explain the concept green chemistry and real-world applications. In this case, discuss Nitration of Phenol (3,000 words)

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

  • Pumped Storage Power Plant
  • Advantages of Wind Power Plant

Part 1
Question 1 Answer only part (a) or part (b). If you answer both, the first answer only will be marked and counted. Marks for parts (a) or (b) are 20% of the total for the module a) A preliminary assessment is required for a wind farm with installed capacity of 1.5 GW at the Irish Sea Zone as part of the potential 4.2 capacity allocated by the UK government. Perform the following tasks/calculations/estimates: i. Collect the necessary data about the sight including wind speed, direction, water depth and other environmental and geographical data useful for the assessment ii. Choose a suitable wind turbine from those available in the market explaining the reasons behind the choice and providing the main specifications. iii. Calculate the number of wind turbines needed to achieve the required capacity and estimate the area required to install the turbines explaining the most suitable turbine fixing method to the sea bed. iv. Estimate the amount of energy that would be generated per year. v.
Based on the estimated energy, use the daily average to work out the size of the two reservoirs for a backup hydroelectric pumped storage plant to be located in a suitable site in North Wales to provide backup for three days of no wind. Assume a suitable elevation between the upper and lower reservoirs based on local topology.

  1. b) For the combination of the offshore wind farm and pumped hydroelectric storage power plant described in part a, write an essay (1000 words) arguing the case for or against the combination of an off-shore wind farm with a sole back up from the pumped hydro plant considering the technical, logistic, regulatory and economic feasibility as well as the combined environmental impact of the two plants. Write the word count at the end of the essay. Reference should not be counted.

Do only question B. (1000 words)
Combination of wind farm with back up of pumped hydro plant.
Logistics – Location of North Wales and Irish Sea, pretty logistical. Grid connection (km)
Technical
Regulatory. (Incentives, lobbies)
Economic feasibility. See prices of operation costs, and grid connection. How would be economical for the location.
Combined environmental impact. Wind farms for disrupting environment. And Hydro plant disrupting fish migration, location of the plant, etc.
Could be considered also environmental impact of installation of both sides, how much emission has been produced (but do not focus on this).
Conclusion. For combination.

Tensile Testing of Engineering Materials (Lab Report)

Laboratory
TENSILE TESTING

  1. Objective:

The objective of this test is to determine how different materials will react to forces being applied in tension.

2. Tensile testing theory:

tensile test, also known as tension test, is probably the most fundamental type of mechanical test you can perform on material. Tensile tests are simple, relatively inexpensive. By pulling on a material, it will very quickly react to forces being applied in tension.
A complete tensile profile ( curve) will result showing how the material reacted to the forces being applied. Typical profiles for different materials are shown in Figure .1 Each material has a characteristic pattern of stress and strain.  Important material data can be read from the stress-strain diagram.
σ It can be noticed that in the initial portion of the test, the relationship between the applied force, or load, and the elongation the specimen exhibits is linear. In this linear region, the line obeys the relationship defined as “Hooke’s Law” where the ratio of stress to strain is a constant,
E is the slope of the line in this region where stress (σ) is proportional to strain (ε) and is called the “Modulus of Elasticity” or “Young’s Modulus“.
Stress
The Stress  is defined as the ratio of the force applied F (Newton N) to the cross sectional area A (mm2) of the material being tested
Strain
It is the ratio of the change in length to the original length Lo
Yield Strength
A value called “yield strength” of a material is defined as the stress applied to the material at which plastic deformation starts to occur while the material is loaded.
Offset Method
For some materials (e.g., metals and plastics), the departure from the linear elastic region cannot be easily identified. Therefore, an offset method to determine the yield strength of the material tested is allowed. An offset is specified as a % of strain (for metals, usually 0.2% and sometimes for plastics a value of 2% is used)..
Ultimate Tensile Strength
One of the properties that can be determined about a material is its ultimate tensile strength (UTS). This is the maximum load the specimen sustains during the test. The UTS may or may not equate to the strength at break. This all depends on what type of material you are testing. . .brittle, ductile, or a substance that even exhibits both properties.
3.Experimental Apparatus
Basically the specimen is placed between the gripping heads (6). The hand wheel is turned clockwise . Any increase in the load is read and recorded from the Load gage (3) . At the same time any increase in the material elongation read and recorded from the gauge for deformation displacement (5).
 
Samples                                                    Copper, steel, Aluminum, brass
All samples have the same dimension
4-Procedure:

  • Measure and note down both the test length Lo and the diameter of the sample.
  • Screw the sample by hand into the lower gripping head as far as the end stop
  • Screw the sample into the upper gripping head as far as the end stop, by rotating the gripping head itself.
  • Tighten the nut on the upper gripping head by hand until the gripping head is seated without slack in the upper cross-member.
  • Set the maximum pointer on the display to zero.
  • Make sure all the wiring connection to the PC (10) and the measuring amplifier (11) are properly done.
  • Adjust properly the electronic position sensor (12)
  • Slowly load the sample by rotating the hand wheel (2).
  • Avoid sudden force application.
  • Record both the Force F and the Elongation ΔL  from the measuring amplifier(13)
  • Keep loading the sample and recording F and ΔL until the sample breaks.
  • Repeat steps 1 to 11 for other samples.

Questions

  • Show the Stress – Strain relation of all the materials on one common diagram or chart.
  • Develop a table that summarizes the main important properties that can be learned from a tensile test.
  • Discuss your results in terms of ductility, brittleness, strength, elongation, yield strength and break point strength.

Behavior of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Required:  
Theme of story. (From the 60s to the recent years)
talk about the history of fiber reinforced concrete, explain the behaviour or RC, the mechanisim,
what are the factors, geometry ( aspect ratio ), talk about volume friction, why do we use fibres,
the idea of hybrid mix.

Structural Stiffness On Bolted Connection And Cantilever Beam

You are required to provide a theory of structural stiffness on a bolted connection sandwitched between a cantilever beam. Include equations, definitions, figures, etc in your work.  The assignment may be between 5 and 6 pages. Format your work in Harvard style using at least 6 sources.

Precipitation Hardening

Cover the precipitation hardening using the following outline:
Definition and Uses of Precipitation Hardening
Stages of Precipitation Hardening 
Precipitation in alluminium-copper alloy system 
Effect of Ageing on Alloys 
Effect of Precipitation on Mechanical Properties of Alloys 
Precipitation Hardening vs Grain Refinement
Crack  modelling and the stress intensity range

Material Summary: Glass, wood, masonry, stone, plastic, metals

Summarize glass, wood, masonry, stone, plastic, and metals by completing the following:

  • Material summary
  • What is it?
  • History
  • Composition
  • Properties
  • Uses

Tribology Extreme Pressure Fluids (Additives)

Tribological Performance of Extreme Pressure Additives 
Lubrication/lubricant roles and Regimes (Hydrodynamic or Full Fluid Film Lubrication, Mixed film lubrication, Boundary lubrication)
Lubrication Regimes
Wear Coefficient (k)
Wear volume (V)
Wear Scar on a Ball