How Can the United States do Better Against Cyberattacks?

How Can the United States do Better Against Cyberattacks?
Paper details:
Final Research Proposals must adhere to the following formatting requirements:
15-20 pages, Times New Roman 12-point font or 10-point Arial font, 1” margins (not including title page or bibliography).
Title page with your topic, your name, and the date.
Bibliography with Chicago Style or APA citations.
Your proposal must include all of the following.
1. Overview of your proposed project
a. Context for your project
b. Answering the “so what?” question: Why is this topic interesting? Why is it important? Be sure to focus on cyberattacks against U.S. infrastructures most common/most dangerous attack methods.
c. Briefly tee up what you are doing that is different (i.e., your contribution).
2. Research Question
a. Identify the problem you are looking to address and clearly state your research question.
3. Literature Review and Explanatory Theory
a. Identify the main works and schools of thought.
b. Present your main theoretical framework and identify important scholarly works related to this approach.
4. Variables
a. Explain the concepts you are studying and how you have operationalized them into independent and dependent variables.
5. Hypothesis/es
a. Provide your hypothesis or hypotheses about the relationship that you expect to find between your variables.
6 Methodology

a. Data Collection
Are you using case studies? If so, what are they and what is your case selection justification?
What types of data are appropriate for your question?
Are they quantitative, qualitative, or both?
How will you collect your data?
b. Contingency Plan
What limitations or problems do you anticipate in your case selection and data collection?
Propose at least one backup plan if your ideal plan turns out to be infeasible. (The only exception to this requirement is if you can prove that your research will rely solely on open source data that is either already in your possession or unquestionably accessible to you; if this is the case, thoroughly explain how.)
c. Data Analysis
What techniques will you use to analyze your data?
Are they quantitative, qualitative, or both?
d. Objectivity and Ethics
What measures will you take to ensure your objectivity? (While everyone must answer this, this is especially relevant if you are using qualitative techniques, or if you have prior experience or knowledge in this topic.)
Will you need human subject research (IRB) approval? If so, explain how it relates to your topic, and if not, explain why not.
7. Goals and Contributions
a. How will your project contribute to (1) academic research, (2) practitioner knowledge, and (3) general public understanding?
b. What are you doing that no one else has?

How to Write Literature Review in Communication
demonstrate an expert level understanding of theory and how the theory speaks to everyday phenomena. 5-7 pages in length. 5 sources minimum all of which are to be peer-reviewed journal articles or chapters in edited books that have been published by a reputable academic press — APA formatting and reference style will be required.
• 5-7 pages in length — assuming double-spaced 12-point Times New Roman front and not counting titles, headers, figures, notes or reference
• 1 theory or substantial theoretical concept that connects your selected source material; your theory will be chosen from the topics listed in the syllabus
• 5 scholarly sources minimum, all of which are to be peer-reviewed journal articles or chapters in edited books that have been published by a reputable academic press — APA formatting and reference style will be required
• A clear, thoughtful question or problem to which you believe the selected theory may apply
More on the Literature Review Literature reviews are discussions of previous theory and research; scholars can write stand-alone literature reviews, but they are frequently part of research reports in journal articles, book chapters, and such. Experts in an area/topic conduct literature reviews in order to determine what the “state of field” is in terms of knowledge about particular subjects. In other words, we do reviews of the existing literature in order to answer the question, “What can we say we know about ______?”
One element of many literature reviews is the “theory section.” This is a passage or section in which academic work that develops and applies a particular theory gets discussed. The writer summarizes, synthesizes and places in context of their own inquiry a substantial number of previous academic texts. In these, you do more than simply “talk about” what you’ve read. Rather, you help the reader see the “background” of your own research, the ideas on which you rely, and the way in which you’re conceptualizing communication. In order to have a coherent approach to a communication problem, you need an appropriate and cogent way to conceptualize communication. Using a particular theory of communication enables us to accomplish just that.
So, the above is what a literature review is and why we craft them. Here’s how you should complete the assignment.
• Know that you will be writing a literature review, and not a whole research paper. You’re crafting what is usually just one part of a larger research project.
• Develop a thoughtful, focused research question or problem. What might you be interested in understanding? What phenomena, issue, or process engages your curiosity? You’ll not be researching this per se, but you should select a theory that’s appropriate for framing the way in which you’ll approach that phenomena in later work.
• Select one theory from our course textbook to discuss in your review.
o The theory you select should be presented as a chapter in our course textbook. If you wish to concentrate on any communication theory or major concept that is not presented in our textbook, then you must have your selection approved by the course instructor by the mid-point of the semester.
o You may write on a theory that has been discussed as a formal part of our class sessions.
• Compose a literature review with the following sections (later in the semester, I will point you toward useful internet resources):
o A concise introduction of 1-2 paragraphs in which you (1) name and characterize the theory you will discuss, (2) explain the question or problem that grounds your selection of this theory, and (3) previews the remainder of your assignment.
o A main section with subsections that engage several of the themes/topics described in a bullet point below.
o A focused conclusion of 1-2 paragraphs in which you (1) summarize the chief “lessons” of your literature review and (2) bring closure to your work by reconnecting your review with the question or problem you discussed at the outset.
• For the main section of your literature review, you will describe, synthesize, analyze, and/or apply the sources you’ve read. The objective here is to develop expertise about this theory and how it can be used to generate knowledge in response to communication questions and problems. You do this by going beyond just producing a simple “book report” on what you’ve read. Instead, students who earn higher grades will develop and discuss themes/topics that cut across multiple sources. These are examples of potential themes/topics you might develop for the main section of your literature review:
o What practical problems or issues does this theory seek to help understand or solve? Has the scope or focus of this theory changed in any way over time?
o Amongst the research articles you review, discuss claims or findings that show up in multiple sources. That is, talk about what researchers are “doing with”
or “finding with” this theory.
o Explain how theorists have changed, added, removed, or emphasized key concepts within the theory over time.
o What concepts are most important or illuminating in reference to the problem you’re interested in understanding. That is, why does this theory or particular parts of it “apply” well to the issue or topic in which you’re interested?
o What do these articles using a particular theory have in common, such as research methodology, subject matter/topic, etc.?
o What questions, problems, disagreements or uncertainties persist across these articles?
o What articles or theorists are referenced as seminal, early, or influential? What is the content of these articles or how are they described in others’ work?
o Other topics, themes, or discussion points are possible…

Workable Peace Managing Conflict in the Middle East

Final Paper Instructions. Advanced Mediation. Professor Singh

1. **Research Part: Part A. 6 to 8, double spaced pages.

Instructions:

Choose a mediation scenario that is complex in nature and answer the following prompt:

a.) Discuss the facts of the case-1-2 pages including the likely emotional state/perspectives of the disputants
b.) Discuss the mediator’s approach; what strategies will be deployed by the mediator? What will be possible hurdles to reaching resolution? How will the mediator guide the participants through those challenges?
c.) Discuss a scenario where you would mediate the dispute and how would you mediate it differently? Could this be part of subpart b above?

Note to Writer: Please write on the Middle East Conflict – Historical Background and General Info. 7 pages is ok

2. **Self Reflection Part: Part B. 3-5, double spaced pages.

Instructions: Please answer the three questions. Please provide specific examples in your answers to the two questions.

Note to Writer: Total of 4 pages is ok. Feel free to allocate the pages according to the questions below.

1) What is the biggest challenge that you have faced or will face in a mediation, either as a participant or as a mediator? Why was/will be the biggest challenge to you?

Note to Writer: please use the Hamas Supporter-Confidential background as source of the biggest challenge. Discuss issues relating to religious beliefs. Ex: I am a Christian Armenian, so playing Hamas Supporter’s role was difficult for me as I am against violence and bias based on my religious beliefs. Feel free to get creative here, I will review the final draft and make any changes necessary.

2) Having studied advanced mediation techniques, how would you approach mediation theory and practice differently than prior to taking the courses you have completed at Pepperdine thus far?

Note to Writer: Please reference any recommended strategies, etc from the two resource materials. Feel free to pick whichever strategy/technique you believe would be helpful when mediating a conflict with different religious, cultural values.

Resource 1: Influence, Science and practice, Robert Cialdini
Resource 2: Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions, Ariely, Dan.

3) Which week of this class was the most impactful to you in terms of learning materials
and why?Note to Writer: Please reference Week 7 – Middle East Conflict Simulation. This section will likely be a repeat of questions 1 and 2. Perhaps summarize challenges and techniques/strategies learned based on question 2. Again, feel free to be creative. I will edit your final draft.

 

 

Deterrence vs. Spiral Model

•When a state or states challenge the status quo, the defender has to decide whether
to try to accommodate the challenge, or whether to respond firmly with the intention of preserving the status quo.
Paper details:
Term Paper
TOPIC: Deterrence vs. Spiral Model
•When a state or states challenge the status quo, the defender has to
decide whether to try to accommodate the challenge, or whether to
respond firmly with the intention of preserving the status quo.
Margins – 1 inch on all four sides, with the left margin justified.
Double-space the text; single space footnotes/endnotes, and indented block quotes
12 Point Times New Roman
Page numbers, beginning with page 1
Indent paragraphs (do not leave extra spaces between paragraphs)
Bibliography: All sources used in the paper
APA Format
esearch should draw primarily on articles/books written by academic scholars. You may,
and probably should, use official sources for some of the factual materials, but DO NOT rely on
these when conducting your research. In most cases, academic scholars have written about
your particular case or about something very similar to your case.